What is a lithium battery energy storage system?

What is a lithium battery energy storage system?

A lithium battery energy storage system is an electric energy storage technology that uses lithium batteries as energy storage elements. This system achieves the storage and release of electrical energy by converting electrical energy into chemical energy and storing it in lithium batteries, and converting it into electrical energy when needed.

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1. System composition

The lithium battery energy storage system is mainly composed of battery packs, battery management systems (BMS), energy management systems (EMS), energy storage converters (PCS) and other electrical equipment. The battery pack is the core part of the system, responsible for the storage and release of electrical energy; the BMS is responsible for battery monitoring, evaluation, protection and balancing; the EMS is responsible for data acquisition, network monitoring and energy scheduling; and the PCS controls the charging and discharging process of the energy storage battery pack and performs AC/DC conversion.

2. Working principle

The working principle of the lithium battery energy storage system is based on the migration of lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes. Each battery cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte. The positive and negative electrodes are separated by a diaphragm, but the electrolyte can pass through the diaphragm to form an ion channel. When the system needs to store electrical energy, the external power supply charges the battery pack through the PCS, and the lithium ions migrate from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and are stored in the negative electrode material; when the system needs to release electrical energy, the lithium ions return from the negative electrode to the positive electrode and release electrical energy at the same time.

3. Application fields

The lithium battery energy storage system has a wide range of applications. In the industrial field, it is mainly used for grid energy storage, voltage stabilization, and providing efficient and safe charging services for electric vehicle charging stations. In the civilian field, the lithium battery energy storage system can realize the centralized management of the home energy storage system, convert and store renewable energy such as solar energy, and intelligently dispatch to meet the household electricity demand, and achieve energy saving, emission reduction, and improve the energy supply quality and economic benefits of household electricity. In addition, lithium battery energy storage is also widely used in new energy vehicles and other fields.

4. Advantages and disadvantages

The lithium battery energy storage system has the advantages of high energy density, long life, low self-discharge, strong scalability and environmental protection. However, its high price, vulnerable safety, temperature sensitivity and slow cost reduction are also disadvantages that cannot be ignored.