What is the principle of photovoltaic power generation?
What is the principle of photovoltaic power generation?
Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the optical vighting effect of the semiconductor interface to turn light energy directly into electrical energy. Its basic principle is "photovoltaic effect", that is, the lighting of the incomplete semiconductor or the combination of the semiconductor or the metal is generated.
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The following is a detailed explanation of the principle of photovoltaic power generation, including 5 aspects:
(1) The interaction between photons and electrons:
When sunlight or other light sources are irradiated on the surface of semiconductor materials (such as silicon), photons interact with electrons in semiconductors. If the energy of the photon is large enough, it can inspire electrons from semiconductor materials to form photoelectronics.
(2) Photosal Vodidal effect:
The inspirational optoelectronics will form an current inside the semiconductor. In the photovoltaic effect, the uniform semiconductor or semiconductor and metal parts will generate potential differences. This potential difference is photovoltaic voltage. When the photovoltaic battery is connected to a circuit, this voltage can drive the current to flow, which generates electrical energy.
(3) The structure of solar cells:
Solar batteries are usually composed of two different types of semiconductor materials, such as P -silicon and N -type silicon. After these two materials are in contact, a PN knot will be formed. In the PN knot, the electrons in the acupoints and N materials in the P -type material will spread to each other to form an internal construction electric field. When the solar light is shot on the solar cell, the photon inspires the electron-grounded pair. These electron-flooring acupoints are separated under the action of the inner construction of the electric field, forming a photogenic current.
(4) The working process of photovoltaic batteries:
The working process of photovoltaic batteries can be divided into three steps: First, photon is absorbed and stimulated by electron-grounded pairs; second, electron-flooring is separated from the built-in electric field to form photocopy current; finally, photocopy currents pass through the external circuit through the external circuit. Flow, drive load work.
(5) Composition of photovoltaic power generation system:
The photovoltaic power generation system is mainly composed of three parts: solar panel (component), controller and inverter. The solar panel transforms light energy into DC power. The controller is responsible for protecting and managing the working status of the battery board. The inverter translates DC power into AC power to connect with the power grid.
In short, the principle of photovoltaic power generation is based on the photovoltaic effect of transforming light energy into electrical energy. Through the solar panel, the light energy is converted into DC electricity energy, and then the controller and inverter are processed, and the electrical energy is finally transported to the user terminal. This process does not require mechanical movement or other forms of intermediate energy conversion, so it has the advantages of efficient, environmental protection, reliability.
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